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Wales is a Principality within the United Kingdom and has an eastern border with England. The land area is just over 8,000 square miles. Snowdon is the highest mountain at 3,650 feet. The coastline is almost 750 miles long. The population of Wales as at the 2001 census is 2,946,200.

Theosophy Wales is pleased to present

general pages about Wales, Welsh History

and The History of Theosophy in Wales

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Cader Idris

Theosophy Groups in Wales

Bangor Cardiff

Conwy Swansea

The National Wales

Theosophy Website

Free Theosophy Study Resources

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History of Theosophy in Wales

Theosophy and the Great War

A General History of Wales

Chronology of Wales and the Celtic Tradition

A One Minute History of Cardiff

Cardiff Bay

Cardiff History

Swansea Marina

History of Swansea / Abertawe

Folk Dancing at Tredegar House

Newport, Gwent.

History of Newport / Casnewydd

Gwent

Saint David

Celtic Christianity

The Druids

Glossary of Welsh Mythology

Welsh Kingdoms of the

6^th &7^th Century CE

Caldey Island

Ynys Byr

Llandaff Cathedral

Cardiff

Cardiff Castle

Aerial View of Arthur’s Table

AKA

The Roman Amphitheatre at Caerleon

Arthur’s Table:- There are claims that The Amphitheatre

at the fortified Roman town of Caerleon in Gwent,

South Wales is the Legendary King Arthur’s Round Table

and that Caerleon was Camelot.

Arthur’s Table

The Roman Amphitheatre at Caerleon,

Gwent, South Wales.

History of Llandudno

Birthplace of Dion Fortune

St Illtyd’s Church

Brynithel, Blaenau-Gwent, South Wales.

An annual Calan Gaeaf event held every 31st October

at St Illtyd’s celebrating the Celtic New Year.

Top

History of

Ebbw Vale / Glyn Ebwy

Penhow Castle

Near Newport, Gwent.

History of Welsh Coal Mining

Conwy Castle

History of Bangor

Snowdon Mountain Railway

Narrow gauge railway to the summit of Snowdon, Gwynedd,

North Wales. Arriving at the Half Way Station

A Guide to Snowdon

The Highest Mountain in Wales at 3,650 ft.

On exceptionally clear days, Ireland, Northern Ireland,

Scotland, England and Wales are all visible

from the Summit of Snowdon, as well as 24 counties,

29 lakes and 17 islands.

History of

Wrexham / Wrecsam

History of

Ruthin / Rhuthun

Annie Besant Visits Cardiff

1924

The Menai Suspension Bridge/

Pont Grog y Borth

North Wales

Bardsey Island / Ynys Enlli

Viewed across Bardsey Sound / Swnt Enlli from the

Lleyn Peninsula on the North Wales coast

Bardsey Island / Ynys Enlli

Merlin’s Glass Tower &

The Thirteen Treasures

of Britain

Puffin Island / Ynys Seiriol

Off the Anglesey Coast, North Wales

A religious centre from the 6^th to the 16^th century

and now a bird sanctuary

Puffin Island / Ynys Seiriol

Brychan

King of Brycheiniog

A kingdom corresponding to the later

county of Brecon which existed up to 1974.

Brychan was born in Ireland Circa 419 CE and

abdicated in old age to become a hermit.

Later made a saint by the Celtic Christian Church.

The Tonypandy Riots 1910 -1911

The Cambrian Combine Strike in the Rhondda in November 1910 was caused by a dispute over wages for working difficult and abnormal veins in the coal pits. D. A. Thomas, who had been the Liberal MP for Cardiff Borough and Merthyr, was the owner of the Cambrian Combine and the trouble started when some men refused the pay he was offering. 800 men were locked out following the dispute and by November of that year 12,000 men from the Cambrian Combine were on strike.

Tension turned into violence as some strikers tried to stop others from going to work, and there were riots at Tonypandy. There was open fighting between workmen and the police, shops and other properties were destroyed. After the rioting, the Home Secretary, Winston Churchill, sent troops into the area to keep the peace. They stayed there for weeks and this made him unpopular in the area for many years. The workers were on strike until October 1911 when they were forced to return on the owners' terms and conditions.

King Edward VIII in Merthyr I936

Large crowds turned out to greet King Edward VIII in Merthyr Tydfil

on November 18^th 1936. It was while visiting the Dowlais Steelworks that

he made his controversial comments on unemployment. The British public

were unaware of the impending abdication crisis at this time.

The Thirteen Historical Welsh counties which

developed during the Middle age and existed until 1974

The 13 Historical

Welsh Counties

A Modern Gazetteer

Welsh Counties

Through the Years

Llywelyn Mawr (The Great)

Llwelyn ap Gruffudd (The Last)

Pura Wallia (Independent Wales) &

Marchia Wallia (Lands ruled by the Marcher Lords)

In the 13^th Century an area of Wales functioned

as an independent Welsh State

The Marcher Lords

The Welsh Marches

King Henry VIII

(1491 -1547) (Reigned 1509 -1547)

Henry VIII, the second King of the Welsh Tudor Dynasty, oversaw a series of parliamentary measures, initiated by his Minister Thomas Cromwell (circa 1485 – 1540), between 1535 and 1542 by which the legal system of Wales was annexed to England and incorporated into the English administration creating a single state and a single legal jurisdiction. The notorious Marcher Lords, with their own courts, were abolished and the Welsh border with England was established. The Welsh were represented at the Englsh parliament but English and not Welsh becames the first language of the country. The reforms did however recognise Wales as a separated political entity from England and this later formed the basis for measures such as the Welsh Language Acts, the Welsh assembly and the establishment of a number of Welsh based institutions.

The Act of Union 1536

Henry Tudor (1457 – 1509)

Henry Tudor was the son of Welsh aristocrat Edmund Tudor (1430-1456) who was created Earl of Richmond in 1452 and English aristocrat Lady Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). This gave him a tenuous claim on the English throne. As Earl of Richmond, Henry Tudor, took the throne from Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 and reigned as King Henry VII from 1485 to 1509 as the first monarch of the Welsh Tudor dynasty